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The dragon-slaying myth and theme was an important motif in Sumer by 3000 BC, and the dragon-slaying epic influenced the myths of later groups, including the Babylonians and Akkadians. The dragon was worshipped, symbolising the element of water, fertility and wealth, and later became a frightful symbol of power. The Babylonian Epic of Creation centered principally around the slaying […]

At an 14,400-year-old Natufian hunter-gatherer site – a site known as Shubayqa 1 located in the Black Desert in northeastern Jordan – researchers have discovered the charred remains of a flatbread baked by hunter-gatherers 14,400 years ago. It is the oldest direct evidence of bread found to date, predating the advent of agriculture by at […]

According to A. Audin, who interprets the god as the issue of a long process of development, it started from two solar pillars located on the eastern side of temples, each of them marking the direction of the rising sun at the dates of the two solstices. The southeastern corresponding to the Winter and the northeastern […]

Haplogroup J2 is thought to have appeared somewhere in the Middle East towards the end of the last glaciation, between 15,000 and 22,000 years ago. It is likely that J2 men had settled over most of Anatolia, the South Caucasus and Iran by the end of the Last Glaciation 12,000 years ago. The oldest known […]

The Snake is a universal symbol of immortality and creativity in myth through out the ages and in virtually all lands inhabited by humans. Many snakes shed their skin at various times, revealing a shiny new skin underneath. Thus snakes have become symbols of rebirth, transformation, immortality, and healing. We find images representing the […]

Menneskeheten har blitt stadig mer brutal og krigen har blitt en del av våre liv. Vi lever i en verden med krig, sult, urett og forurensning. Viktige kjennetegn ved samfunnet som vi har i dag er blant annet privatisering, konkurranse, ekspansjon, frie markeder, profitt og stadig større konserner; på mange måten oppskriften til sosialdarwenisme, nyliberalisme […]

The Trimūrti typically consist of Brahma (the ”creator”), Vishnu (the “preserver”), and Shiva (the “destroyer”), though individual denominations may vary from that particular line-up. When all three deities of the Trimurti incarnate into a single avatar known as Dattatreya. Maya (“magic” or “illusion”) originally denoted the magic power with which a god can make human beings believe in what turns out to be an illusion. […]

Chaoskampf The motif of Chaoskampf (“struggle against chaos”) is ubiquitous in myth and legend, depicting a battle of a culture hero deity with a chaos monster, often in the shape of a serpent or dragon. The same term has also been extended to parallel concepts in the Middle East and North Africa, such as the […]

Gobekli Tepe’s hilltop site was not defensive or residential and the indications are that it was a sacred area and that the two pillars outside the entrance of some of the circles represented a gateway between secular and religious ground. Three layers could be distinguished up to now at the site. The oldest Layer III […]

“Minoans, Mycenaeans, and modern Greeks also had some ancestry related to the ancient people of the Caucasus, Armenia, and Iran,” said co-lead author Dr. Iosif Lazaridis, a postdoctoral researcher at Harvard Medical School. Minoans and Mycenaeans were genetically similar, having at least three-quarters of their ancestry from the first Neolithic farmers of western Anatolia and […]

The Cuthaean Legend envisions a powerful enemy that emerges unexpectedly from the distant mountains and establishes hegemony after a sudden burst of military power. This enemy will eventually be destroyed without the intervention of the Mesopotamian king. The powerful enemy is called Umman-manda (i..e troops of the mandum) among other things. The Sumerian word mada (‘land’) […]

The Phrygian cap The Phrygian cap or liberty cap is a soft conical cap with the top pulled forward, associated in antiquity with several peoples in Eastern Europe and Anatolia, including Phrygia, Dacia, and the Balkans. In early modern Europe it came to signify freedom and the pursuit of liberty through a confusion with the […]

Ansuz is the conventional name given to the a-rune of the Elder Futhark, ᚨ. The name is based on Proto-Germanic *ansuz, denoting a deity belonging to the principal pantheon in Germanic paganism. The shape of the rune is likely from Neo-Etruscan a, like Latin A ultimately from Phoenician aleph. In the Norwegian rune poem, óss […]

The Sintashta Culture and Some Questions of Indo-Europeans Origins S. A. Grigoryev Institute of History and Archaeology Ural brunch of Russian Academy of Sciences Chelyabinsk – Russia Origins of Indo-Europeans is one of the most significant problems of history, archaeology and linguistics. This problem has already been discussed for 200 years after the kinship of Indo-European […]